To Download Or Not To Download Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Internet is an extremely useful resource to obtain information on provided about any topic. A relatively new feature of the World Wide Web is the technology for the sharing of medicament in MP3 format. A favourite site to download free practice of medicine is called Napster. This platform allows people to share music files, discover new artists, and become part of the music community. Although Napster is controversial, the program should unruffled remain accessible to Internet users and music lovers. Marc Geiger, a supporter of the program, states that Napster is totally community oriented, (Napster). It brings artists and fans together, and can allow struggling musicians a chance to be perceive thats what the program is all about. The more people hear the songs, the more they want to buy the CD (Napster). The struggling musicians who arent making millions from atomic number 53 CD release are the avid supporters of Napster. Richardson is promoting the good side of the so ftware, and trying to make upset artists understand that this program is for the little guys. Its software aims to make finding MP3 files easier bingle the Net (RIAA). Another advantage of the program is that it allows finding music files easier instead of having to search the entire World Wide Web. Napster is an MP3 file-sharing program that enables users to share their music with iodin another. Anyone with a computer can download the program, sign the user agreement contract and then start swapping music. The program includes chat features, a top music sharing list, searching capabilities, a chart that shows the status of the file transfer, a library, and a help section. The chat rooms allow for conversation betwixt the contrary users, and shows information on the people in the room. The search feature allows the music consumer to search by song title, artist, bit rate, ping time, and connection. The file transfer part of the program allows the customer to see how much of the file is downloaded, the estimated time for the transfer to finish, the name of the host of the music, how big the file is, and the filename, (song title, and artist usually). The library is a music file holder that sorts the downloaded music files alphabetically. It allows has a music player, which can play an assortment of already downloaded music chosen by the consumer in any order. The program is easy to use and does not contain ... ...on, Brad. 10 Big Myths about Copyright Explained. http//www.templetons.com/brad//copymyths.html (26 Nov. 2000).OutlineI. IntroductionA. Background of mp3 and Napster1. What it is and how it works2. Support for NapsterB. political program descriptionC. Founder of Napster1. Why he developed NapsterII. BodyA. Problems with Napster1. Pirated MP3 files2. Copyright infringement court case3. Problems with RIAAs defense B. Bills preventing copyright infringement1. Penalties for downloading unfastened filesC. Similarities between Sony vs. Universal Stud ios court case and Napster vs. RIAA court caseD. Consequences for Napster if it is found guilty of Copyright infringementE. Making the record companies obsolete if Napster is to be abolishedF. Problems between the digital divide1. CommercialismIII. ConclusionA. Napster is a resource1. Connection between artist and fans2. People buy the CD after they have downloaded one song from that artist.B. Quote from Shawn Fanning, (founder)

Public accountants duty to provide due professional care in all their c

The situation that Willis and Company, CPAs have found themselves in regarding Geiger Companys claim that Willis was negligent, underscores the need for public accountants to provide due professional bursting charge in all their contractual obligations. The level of fault that Willis is liable for can vary depending on the circumstances and approaches taken in examining this situation. This fact will be evident when examining this case from the Known User Approach, the Securities Act of 1933, as easily as the Securities Act of 1934. These differing options result in varying degrees of liability that Willis and Company or any CPA firm can be held accountable for. Known User Approach When considering Williss actions under this Known User Approach, the New York approach of Appeals set the precedent in handling future cases. The New York Court determined that CPAs are held liable for ordinary negligence solely to the CPAs client and specifically identify third parties (Whittington & Pany, 2012). In order for this to be true though, it must be evident that the company, in this instance Geiger and the specifically identified third parties are listed as specific users of the audit spread abroads (Whittington & Pany). In relation to the loss incurred by the bank loaning funds based on misstated financial statements, the same precedent holds true. The bank, as a third-party beneficiary, must have been specifically named as a known party to the use of the auditors report in order to have a claim to recover the loss sustained (Whittington & Pany). The New York Court of Appeals further states that the third-party must not only be known or listed in the auditors report as a user but the said third-party must have take virtually sort of action to prove the ... ...934 also provides a greater protection to auditors as well, because it requires of proof of both misstatement and intent to cause harm as well as reduces liability proportionally. Under the Known User App roach, auditors can be liable for ordinary negligence, but the plaintiffs bringing suit must be specifically named in the statements for their allegations to be considered. These three approaches highlight the seriousness with which auditors and CPA firms should approach all established contracts in order to lessen the liability they face in carrying out their public duties. Works CitedConahan, J., Nolette, P., & Young, A. (2003). Securities Fraud. The American Criminal Law Review. 40(2). Ps. 1041-1107. ProQuest doi 230355736.Whittington, R., & Pany, K. (2012). Principles of auditing and other assurances (18th ed.). New York, NY McGraw-Hill.

Capital Punishment is an Effective Deterrent :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Capital penalization is an Effective Deterrent      Throughout history, statistics have proven that Capital Punishment has been an effective deterrent of majorcrime.  Capital Punishment is the lawful infliction of death among flagitiouss andhas been used to punish a wide variety of offenses for many years all everywhere theworld (Bedau 16).  When the death penalty is enforced, it shows society thatcommitting a capital crime has deadly consequences.         In early times, many methods of Capital Punishment were used to deter avariety of crimes.  For over a century, the uniform method for executing personsin America was hanging, although starvation was very common also.  There wereexceptions which included spies, traitors, and deserters who would face a firingsquad.  therefore in 1888, New York directed the construction of an electric chair(Flanders 11).  It was believed that the new harnessed power of e lectricitywould prove to be a more scientific and humane means of execution.  The firstelectrocution took place in New York in  1890.                 In the past, capital crimes were much different than they are now.Robbery and the sell of alcohol to underage customers was a serious capitalcrime (McCuen and Baumgart 21).  Rape was also a crime where the criminal wassentenced to death.         In America, only thirty-seven states transcend the death penalty.  Inmost of those thirty-seven states, murder is the only capital crime.  TheSupreme Court requires that two conditions must be met in order for a specificmurder to warrant the death penalty (Nardo 32).  The first condition is that itmust be first degree murder, which is the deliberate and premeditated taking oflife.  The trice is that one or more maddening circumstances must be present. Aggravating Circumstan ces refer to those aspects of a crime that increase itsseverity.  An example of an aggravating circumstance would be torture inconjunction with a murder. (Capital Punishment 32).         Every society has faced the problem of what to do with its mosttroublesome criminals.  Many people in the past have argued whether or notCapital Punishment is justified and necessary.         Most societies now believe that a criminal should receive punishmentproportional to the  crime committed.  Most societies believe that such a severepunishment was necessary to install fear in others.         age more social structures developed, the crimes developed into publicand private offenses.  Public offenses such as witchcraft and blasphemy, werepunished by the state  while private offenses politic were answered by acts ofpersonal retribution.         T he enforcement of Capital Punishment in the early twentieth centurydeclined drastically because of all of the controversy.

Atwood :: Character Analysis, Kat, Disintegration

Atwood gives symbolism to convey how a persons personality provoke disintegrate by living in a repressing night club. In the beginning of the story, quat goes through a surgery to remove a large ovarian cyst which she keeps and names Hairball. This large cyst is in fact, a symbol that represents Kats personality disintegration. Most cyst that develop in the human body are dysfunctional, and Kat can be seen as a dysfunctional woman when she decides to keep this cyst. The cyst turned out to be a benign tumor. Kat liked that use if benign, as if the thing had a nous and wished her well (304). This specific characterization shows the readers how Kat is slowly loosing her mind by thinking that her cyst has a soul of its own. In addition, she humanizes her cyst by naming it Hairball and by giving it human characteristics Hairballs baby teeth glint in the alight it looks as if its about to speak (312). Moreover, Hairball is described as having baby teeth which can represent how it is like a baby who quiet down developing. This developing cyst can also symbolize how Kat is trying to develop her own personality. However, this becomes a challenge for her because she lives in a society where masculine domination is present. She works as a photographer for an avant-garde magazine, and tries to express her ideas, but the men whom she works with dont let her do so. Kat trying to develop her personality within her society leads her to become lost, and back to becoming dysfunctional just like a cyst trying to be a tumor. The author uses Hairball as a symbol to highlight how Kats personality disintegrates by living in a society where gender inequality is supported. Characterization plays an important role when conveying how ones personality can disintegrate by living in a restrictive society. Although Kat is slowly loosing her mind, in the story, she is portrayed as a confident woman who tries to strive for excellence. This can be seen when she wants to name the m agazine each the Rage. She claims that its a forties sounds and that forties is back (311). However the board of directors, who were all men, did not approve. They actually though it was too feminist, of all things (311). This passage not only shows how gender opportunities is apparent in the society Kat lives in, but also shows the readers why Kat starts to loose her mind.

Free College Admissions Essays: Leadership Qualities :: College Admissions Essays

Leadership Qualities The most meaningful and challenging experiences in my life have been through sports and the 4-H club. They have instilled the values of perseverance, confidence, and teamwork at bottom me. I feel that my peers and others could follow valuable life lessons through participating in these organizations. They are not just clubs, but a guiding cast down for life. For example in sports I have had the opportunity to play on both losing and winning teams. This has given me a different perspective of looking at things. I now realize that even if you bump or lose that is no reason to give up, you still have to get right cover song up. Just realize your mistakes and errors. Then come back the next time, mentally and physically, ready to meet the challenge. To often in life youth and adults alike fail at something and automatically think that they cannot do it, and give up. Instead of just pushing themselves to run another lap, lift another set, study for another hour, or learn another theorem. Imagine a world if the early American settlers had given in to the British, if the North had given in to the South after the source loss of the civil war, or if Michael Jordan had given up after being cut from the team in high school. People just need to learn to have perseverance and believe in themselves. 4-H has been a series of stepping-stones for me. When I first started out at age four I was shy and claustrophobic to do things that I had not done before, but now I have blossomed into a confident and outgoing young man. I no longstanding fear getting up in front of large groups and speaking because of the experiences Ive had in public speaking events. In addition, 4-H has given me the chance to develop myself as a leader. Over the years I have held various leadership positions on the club, county, and district levels. Also, 4-H has given me the chance to go into the community and help large number by leading youth in workshops, assisting the handi cap and elderly, and also learn from what others have to teach. In both of these organizations I learned the need for teamwork. For example coda year my football team went 0-11 and the main reason because of that was we were not a team.

Free College Admissions Essays: Leadership Qualities :: College Admissions Essays

Leadership Qualities The most meaningful and challenging experiences in my life demand been through sports and the 4-H club. They have instilled the values of perseverance, confidence, and teamwork within me. I feel that my peers and others could decide valuable life lessons through participating in these organizations. They are not just clubs, but a guiding light for life. For case in sports I have had the opportunity to play on both losing and winning teams. This has given me a different perspective of looking at things. I now realize that even if you fail or lose that is no reason to give up, you still have to get right back up. unsloped realize your mistakes and errors. Then come back the next time, mentally and physically, ready to meet the challenge. To often in life youth and adults alike fail at something and automatically think that they cannot do it, and give up. Instead of just pushing themselves to run another lap, lift another set, study for another hour, or learn a nother theorem. Imagine a world if the early American settlers had given in to the British, if the North had given in to the South after the first sacking of the civil war, or if Michael Jordan had given up after being cut from the team in high school. People just need to learn to have perseverance and believe in themselves. 4-H has been a series of stepping-stones for me. When I first started out at age four I was shy and afraid to do things that I had not done before, but now I have blossomed into a confident and outgoing young man. I no longer cultism getting up in front of large groups and speaking because of the experiences Ive had in public speaking events. In addition, 4-H has given me the chance to develop myself as a leader. Over the social classs I have held various leadership positions on the club, county, and district levels. Also, 4-H has given me the chance to go into the community and help people by leading youth in workshops, assisting the handicap and elderly, an d also learn from what others have to teach. In both of these organizations I learned the need for teamwork. For example last year my football team went 0-11 and the main reason because of that was we were not a team.

Do you think that Mary Tudor deserved her title “Bloody Mary”?

History has not been kind to bloody shame Tudor. Compared to what followed, her reign seems like a shortened provided misguided attempt to hold back Englands inevitable transformation to Protestantism. Compared to what came before, her regime looks like the regressive episode of a hysterical woman. Considered on its admit terms, however, the regime appears much more complex, leading contributors to this volume of essays to reach far different conclusions about her reign reestablishing tralatitious religion in England was an enormous chore that required rebuilding the Marian Church from the bottom up.Moreover, given more time it might have succeeded. Finally, as these essays continually remind us, concepts differentiating Catholicism from Protestantism ideas taken for granted today were still being sorted out during this period. David Loadess introduction begins the volume by surveying the disturbance in religion during Marys lifetime. He link up the spread of humanism and cl assical scholarship to a substantial portion of this disturbance because it created an educated populace capable of raising questions about religious practices for which the traditional Church had no answers.Mary herself received a first-rate humanistic education and contemporaries even considered her well-educated. Loades suggests that, instead of unquestioningly embracing the tenants of the traditional Catholic faith, Mary was a conservative humanist with an extremely insular point of view (18). Nevertheless, her humanistic training did not extend to her devotion to the sacrament of the altar and her unscholarly acceptance of the doctrine of transubstantiation. Ultimately, her uncompromising position on the latter would cause the downfall of many.After this introduction, the first section of the volume, entitled The Process, explores obstacles confronting the restoration of Catholicism in England, head start with David Loadess examination of the degraded state of the episcopacy upon Marys accession, and her administrations attempts to restore it. Next, Claire Cross discusses Marian efforts to enact Catholic reforms in those strongholds of Protestant dissent, the English universities. The queens decision to restore a conjunction of monks at Westminster is the subject of a study by C.S. Knighton, who includes a detailed appendix identifying members of this community.In the sections last essay, Ralph Houlbrooke argues that swift acquiescence by one of Norwichs leading evangelical ministers, and the diligence of clergy and Church courts in upholding the Marian restoration, helped Norwich avoid large-scale persecution. Essays in the volumes second section, Cardinal Pole, focus on his role in reestablishing the legitimacy of the restored Church. doubting doubting Thomas F.Mayer begins with an analysis of various court documents, and concludes that even though Paul IV had apparently revoked Poles legatine office, the matter remained unsettled, and Pole probably continued to function in that capacitance until the end of Marys reign. In the following chapter, Poles 1557 St. Andrews Day sermon provides evidence for Eamon Duffys defense of the cardinals record not only as an outspoken advocate for the importance of preaching, but also as a hard-nosed realist confronting an entire population of apostatized Londoners.In the final essay of this section, John Edwards reveals that, unlike English documents, records from the Spanish and Roman Inquisitions indicate greater Spanish involvement in the restoration of English Catholicism than has been previously recognized. The subject of the final section of this book, The Culture, undertakes issues regarding the Marian Church and its people. Lucy Woodings essay considers how the multiple layers of symbol found in the Mass provided a wide focal point for popular piety in the restored Church.In his essay on the theological works of Thomas Watson, William Wizeman, S. J. , discusses Marian efforts to r eeducate worshipers who, after a generation of religious turmoil, were unfamiliar with even the basic tenets of Catholicism. In the following chapter, Gary G. Gibbs reconsiders the eyewitness evidence provided by one heat content Machyn, Merchant Taylor of London, concluding that the Marian regime had indeed connected with enough loyal subjects to provide the queen with an effective base of power

Participative Management in India

Participative Management in the Indian context Evolution of firearmicipative trouble in India Pre- Independence era Participative perplexity in India has taken to its roots quite early in time . This concept was introduced to the Indian soil by a hardly a(prenominal) humanistic textile mill owners who sought the advice of proletarians spokesmen so as to solve industrial disputes. After a few such minor incidents, business houses in India responded to the motivation of industrial democracy. The Tata Iron and Steel company at Jamshedpur was the first official business organization to set up a works committee which comprised of focusing and trade union re reconcileatives.In 1920, when the Government of India started joint committees promote the implementation of such an idea in private enterprises as well. So it undersurface be give tongue to that it was that period in India when there were manager and worker bodies that maintained co-operation and provided a common platform f or problems related to industrial management. The concept of participative management in the country took shape when the demand for industrial democracy was felt up by the tripartite labour organization ( later on named Indian labour conference), trade unions and political leaders in 1940.Post Independence era Participative management became a wider phenomenon post independence when the Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 provided for the establishment of a works committee in every industrial unit that employed more than than a hundred employees. Along with this, the Industrial Truce Resolution that was adopted by the Tripartite conference in 1947 promoted labour management co-operation and Industrial form _or_ system of government Resolution of 1948 provided for the workers involvement in policies of industrial management.Industrial democracy has also been provided for in the governing body of independent India when it referred to totally round democratic participation. In 1976, it was amended to the constitution by article 43- A that it would be imperative on the state to consider the participation of workers in industrial managers. Thereby, participative management became a constituent part of Five year plans and Industrial policy resolutions. There were several other developments with regards to the topic later on. Tripartite labour conference held in May 1977, recommended that a committee be set up to nable the smooth participation of labour in management issues. This led to the formation of a Tripartite committee on workers participation in management and following were the recommendations of the committee in brief Corporate level and shop base of operations level should devote a tether tier system of labour participation Supervisors or middle managers should apply their federal agency in different participative forums The scheme should be implemented and reviewed by organizations present both(prenominal) at the centre and state level Later on, the Sachar committee was make to look into the introduction of workers participation in the Board of Directors.This committee recommended that every company employing more than 1000 workers should comprise of labour participation in the Board of Directors. The committee also suggested that even if the number of employees is less than 1000 in a corporate organization, it should be allowed for workers to have their delegacy in the Board of Governors. Operating specimens for participative management in India Since independence the government of India has promoted the participation of workforce in the management by introducing various models for operation from time to time.Five of such schemes introduced by the government are as follows. 1. Works Committee Establishment Among the first few steps taken to initiate industrial democracy in the country Entailed in section 3 of the Industrial disputes act, 1947 Equal number of employers and workmen representatives in a works committee for every organization with more than 100 employees For Joint consultation in industrial units Functions Deal with welfare aspects and administration of welfare coin Collective bargaining not included Decisions are not binding on the management because of the committees consultative and advisory nature Evaluation In hurt of increasing apprisedness of works committees and compulsions to set them up, their number actually started declining and even for the works committees already present, they were not functional and for those that existed and were functional, they performed the wrong function The reason for the supra has been attri saveed to both intra and inter union rivalries and most importantly the persistency of the members to discuss extraneous issues in committee discussions 2.Joint Management Council Establishment The second model of participative management was structured by the tripartite bodies on labour relations in 1958 Joint management councils were set up on voluntari ly in both the public and private sectors if there was a required understanding between the employers and workers Objectives To improve working conditions of employees Improve productivity Encourage contri providedions and suggestions from employees Look into administration of laws To parcel out as the middlemen or rather a communicating channel between management and employees Structure Joint management council was composed of a maximum of 12 members of which there was equal employer employee representation Evaluation These models of employee participation hardly served the purpose of fulfilling the gaps in the communication between the management and employees. The reason for the same being the reservations of managers who let in certain junior executives into the council and did not equip them with any decision making powers 3. thespians representation on board This model provides for workers to have an opportunity to get into in the ownership of capital as well as in decision making level where the contribution could be meaningful The government launched this model in 1970, when it made way for cardinal worker directors on the boards of fourteen nationalized banks How this model progressed is not much represented in academic schools of thought but it is known that the scheme made no progress at all Presence of multiple unions and the mistrust between management and unions are the main reasons for the mischance of this novel idea . Shop council and Joint council The 20 point program mooted in 1975, issued directives to implement the models of shop councils or Consultative committees at the shop floor level and joint councils at the plant level Shop councils Employees in the shop council were nominated by the management Shop councils existed for a full term of two years and met least once in a month Shop councils were generally considered to assist the management with progress in matters related to production and pencil eraser Joint councils Joint cou ncils were set up for the whole unit and were valid for a term of two years in which they had to meet every quarter The electric chair of the council is the chief executive of the unit and the vice chairman was nominated by the worker members of the council Joint councils dealt with matters regarding optimum production, fixation of productivity norms and efficiency It was in the functions of these councils that the term participative management changed to workers participation to allay the apprehensions of the management 5.Participative management by ownership of shares A direct model which ensures the participation of every individual who owns shares of the company Worker is entitled to receive a fraction of the appreciation in capital Conclusion Based on the above models and their evaluation it can be said that the government has so far not effectively tried its best to bring in the theme of participative management into the system. Whatever models and laws the government suppor ted have been very minimalistic in nature and it is sad but true that even these models are not up to the mark.The following points enumerate the reasons for the above situation and consume light on steps to be taken to improve the situation 1. Tender mindedness Union recognition should initially become a well established practice so that basic issues of drift between the unions and the management can be sorted out before moving on worker participation. 2. dribble of communication The spirit with which the models of participative management interact with each other should be more relevant than the structure of councils and committees and politics ssociated with the same so that communication is make to resolve issues and not to raise them. 3. Voluntary councils Voluntary nature of councils definitely creates a situation where issues are resolved not because they are compelled to be but because of the culture and trust between the parties involved. Compulsion in such scenarios wo uld only give way to antagonistic cooperation. 4. Defective form of participation Councils should be formed to participate as decision making forms and not as consultative bodies because it is this form of functioning that enables worker participation in its true sense.Most of the models of worker management in India are considered to be those where the primary function is that of consultative bodies. How does this ensure industrial democracy in the true sense of the word ? 5. Inadequate representation of supervisors in the management Supervisors are a key to the word worker participation because they function closely with the management and with the workers. Considering them unbiased, it would make sense to involve supervisors in decision making processes in worker related issues because his decisions would represent both the sides involved. . Lack of motivation The current scenario is such that the workers are not fully aware and are not enthusiastic about their vital stakes in the scheme because it is a contrary dream. Awareness and motivation are thus the need of the hour for a give way picture of industrial democracy. 7. Traditional attitude In spite of so much of history associated with the term of participative management, the workers still have a traditional attitude which keeps them to the lower rungs and abide by whatever the management dictates in terms of decisions. . Lack of strong trade unions The scheme can be implemented successfully if the trade unions are stronger and serve a common purpose. Unity among workers is an absolute necessary before they want a representation in the management. 9. Deficient institutionalisation Attention to detail, trails and careful work are what makes the scheme more institutionalised and practical. The agenda of meetings and other relevant issues to be discussed should be drafted in the lead so that the purpose is met. 10.Lack of an evaluation system It is essential to review each of these models at right intervals so that the workers are aware if their democracy is at their will. The scenario in a capitalist economy Worker participation in India is so far a formality but not a practice that ensures better workman facilities or justice. There have been attempts to include the practice in private undertakings as well. As detailed above, initial laws pertaining to this phenomenon have been imperative on private sector to provide for industrial democracy.Management practitioners like Shiv Nadar of HCL technologies have very smoothly been able to transform organizations by following a bottom-up approach. With all this in view, it can be said that participative management in capitalist economies is not distant dream but as we arent there yet, it is a distant goal. It is imperative for organizations to help economies reach this goal not for the sake of the word bur for the betterment of the workforce.

Travel Life

My travel experience During the first time I stepped on the plain I was so exited about it, but when the plane started to fly I cried because I was still 3 years old I was with my dad and my mom I had so much delight traveling thus I told my dad can we travel every(prenominal) year he said okay then I became happier and my father kept his promise every year we go traveling in some parts of Asia uniform Taiwan, hong kong, Singapore, Cambodia, china, Malaysia , Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, and others it was so much fun because you get to see browses that you never imagined and I felt so unsloped about it.Two years ago we went to Taiwan, with my father and my cousin during the plane ride our ears was infliction so much I really dont know why so I went to the washroom and checked maybe my ears where dirty but no I asked my daddy he said it was about some engines in the plane that makes you ears hurt.We arrived at Taiwan early in the morning I was so sleepy then we had to hind our hotel(which was so comfortable and such a good place)then after another day we started exploring some beautiful places in like the garden, and Taipei 101 it was so high and it had the most beautiful view in whole Taipei. We only spent 1 week because it was sembreak only in October so I had missed Taiwan ever since. Then last year we went to India my artless (that I still really miss so much) for ma little vacation during summer it really felt good to smell the breeze in the place where you (kainda) grow up.Then i felt so good seeing my grand parents again in such a long time and also some of my relative like my aunt and uncle but the eld did no last long the day we are going clog to the Philippines I cried so much because I didnt want to go back I wanted to live there but I cant my family is here so I grant to stick with them as well so every day I kept on calling to know how are they and kept on asking me how is my travel life.My traveling life mearns everything to me because I cannot just stay in one play my whole life because you got a whole life to spent and I what to see the world with it because of what every one say life it to short but not for me because you have to embrace your life to be happy to experience every thing that you did no know about the world the cause that is your life you have to live it in the fullest and no just by traveling one single country but all of it for you to see the world before it stopes in a moment.My traveling experience is no just by going to that place but to fell it you have got to see it fell it and do it ti like then for you to have fun at the fullest that never stopes for to have a memories of what you have being doing your whole life and foe you to have al long and good experiencing life with people you what to be with and people you never you that will become you friends so never think traveling is no just going to different countries but to embrace that country like is is yours.

Optimizing Operations at United Parcel Service Essay

join Parcel Service (UPS) is the worlds largest air and shew package-distribution company, with annual sales of about $34 billion. It is also a leading provider of specialized transportation and logistics runs. Following its nearly 100-year promise of the best service and lowest enumerates, this company currently delivers over 13. 6 million parcels and documents every business day within the United States and in over 200 otherwise countries and territories. UPSs primary business is timedefinite talking to of packages and documents worldwide.It has established a global transportation infrastructure and comprehensive set of guaranteed delivery services, including corporate supply concatenation solutions for major companies. UPS is the industry leader in the delivery of goods purchased over the Internet. UPS operates a ground fleet of more than 88,000 vehicles, including its famous brown delivery trucks and large tractors and trailers. In the United States, UPS manages 27 large package operating facilities as well as over 1,000 additional smaller package operating facilities.The smaller facilities maintain vehicles and drivers stationed for the pickup of packages and for the sorting, transfer, and delivery of packages. UPS owns or leases nearly 600 facilities to support its international package deeds and over 750 facilities that support nonpackage trading operations. This vast ground delivery system is integrated with express air services that use 600 airplanes. UPS operates the ninth largest airline in North America and the eleventh largest in the world. UPS aircraft operate in a hub and spokes pattern in the United States with a primary air hub in Louisville, Kentucky, nd six other regional air hubs in various cities throughout the United States. These hubs house facilities for the sorting, transfer, and delivery of packages. UPS estimates that this integrated door-to-door delivery system carries goods worth more than 2 percent of the worlds gross d omestic harvest-feast (GDP). The company faces relentless competition from such other organizations as FedEx, DHL Worldwide Express, the United States Postal Service, Deutsche Post, and TNT Post Group. Although UPS is the overall leader, the company is not itemize one in every way.For example, FedEx, with about $34 billion in annual sales, leads the market in overnight deliveries, whereas DHL is the leader in cross-border (international) express deliveries. To jar against competitors head on, UPS long ago started investing heavily in advanced information systems. Technology powers virtually every service the company offers and every operation it performs. UPS offers many choices overnight air versus low-cost ground delivery, simple shipping or a panoply of supply chain and warehousing services.Customers arsehole choose the delivery option or service that is most cost-effective and appropriate for their requirements. UPS has been using its automated package-tracking system to mon itor all packages throughout the delivery process, collecting electronic data on 93 percent of the packages that move through U. S. systems each day. Its customers can track their own parcels and letters using the UPS Web site, and many customers can also track their items on their own computers using a UPS system that the customers embed into their own Web sites.However, UPSs competition now uses much of this aforementioned(prenominal) tracking technology and is moving into areas where UPS has been dominant. FedEx, for instance, is trying to become a player in ground palletized-freight and international shipping. It wants to funnel package data from all of its operations into a single transparent system. Fierce competition has stimulated UPS to find even more innovative ways of servicing customers while also reducing its own costs.UPS management believes the company is still a leader in reliable package delivery and that its unmatched integrated air and ground communicate provid e it with a level of service quality and economies of scale that differentiate it from competitors. The companys strategy emphasizes increasing core domestic revenues by cross-selling its be and new services to a large and diverse customer base. It hopes to grow its package business by offering services for synchronized commerce, elping customers manage the commingle of goods, information, and funds throughout their supply chains. For example, UPS developed Web-based software for DaimlerChrysler AG to manage centrally all parts moving to and from more than 4,500 dealerships. While expanding these services, UPS hopes to limit the rate at which expenses are growing. It is counting on information technologydriven efficiencies to increase its operating profit. In 2003, UPS announced plans to invest $600 million to simplify and hone its package-sorting and delivery systems.Management believes that this systems investment will produce significant gains in efficiency, reliability, and f lexibility. Once fully deployed in 2007 in over 1,000 UPS package-sorting facilities, these systems are expected to disregard operating costs by approximately $600 million each year. In 2003, UPS domestic operating profit declined $304 million, caused by both slow growth in revenue coupled with higher operating expenses. Higher costs for fuel and higher rents both played major roles in expense increases.

Eng 221 Critique Essay

The Canon iR1210 is an All-in-One office printer intentional to authorise an office more productive. It also has with it a six-page owners manual designed to inform the owner of m any(prenominal) features of this printer and how it can make a persons work around the office more productive by having this printer.This paper will provide critiques of the owners manual for the iR1210. The criteria for this critique will be in the following areas, Audience Recognition, Introduction, Glossary, Technical Description, and Graphics. The link to determine the manual is by going to www.safemanuals.com and clicking on the Canon iR1210 link and that will enable anyone to download the manual.In writing a manual the goal is to produce customer support. Audience Recognition is a way to decide what to say and how to say. The writer needs to recognize who the referees are and give them what they want. The iR1210 manual does do genuinely(prenominal) good job information in very simple terms what the iR1210 is capable of doing for the reader.The writing is very clear and to the point and avoids using any buzzword that the reader may understand. The one downside for the audience recognition it does not have any instruction on how to use the product. It only really gives the readers highlights of the product so it does lack a bit of thoroughness.An Introduction to a manual is a way to promote good customer-company relationships. It is a way to personalize the manual and to happen upon a positive customer contact. The iR1210 manual does an outstanding job of personalizing the manual. It does try to speak directly to the owner of the product by letting them know how much they will be benefiting from this product. One area that the manual can improve in is its use of positivewords. The manual does not really make the reader feel like the company is glad they bought their product.The Glossary is a way for the manual to let the reader know what they are referring to if they ar e using any abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols in the instruction of the products. The iR1210 manual does avoid needing any glossary because it does a very good job of avoiding using any abbreviations, acronyms, or symbols that the reader may not understand. It does lack any real technical instruction in the manual, and there is not any glossary in the manual.Manuals will contain a Technical Description of the product it could be an explanation or a labeling of the product. May also include a list of the products specifications, such as size, shape, capacity, and capability of the product. The iR1210 has a large list of product specifications, which can be very helpful for the owner. It however does not include any manikin of photo labeling each part of the system. Some owners may bugger off that helpful to locate antithetic parts of the product.Graphics are a way to make the instruction more visually appealing, and can help the reader understand instruction easier. The iR120 manual does have a number of photos of the product in different work type settings. But it does not include any kind of instruction on how to use the photo with the photos.Overall the manual for the iR120 is a very well done. It does highlight the features of the product and does a very good with audience recognition and personalizing the product. The area that the manual does need to improve on is the instruction of the product. It seems to be more focused on a person who already has a working knowledge of the product. An owner, who may not have the same knowledge, may find the manual lacking proper instruction on how to use the product.

Lessons Learned Paper

Lessons Learned Paper NaKisha Sherrard, MS University of Phoenix Lessons Learned Paper Connecting with a throng of doctoral students for the first residency is very frightening. Several students admitted to having feelings of misperception, worry, or uncertainty. Meeting some mavin new is certainly not comfortable, however the expectations and anxiety of a doctoral program is sufficient for someone to ask why one would choose to undertake a huge venture. This residency has motivated me to endure in my program. thither were several eye-openers that revealed buzz offment and improvement as a doctoral student.In the last five geezerhood, various lessons and experiences were taught and well-educated but the just about important lessons for me include the tuition aggroup experiences, critical penning, and objurgation on the lessons versed. Learning Teams During this residency experience, I acquired a lot about learning teams. In my academic and professional experience, I have b een a part of numerous teams. I have had some bad encounters with teams during my duration with the University of Phoenix and presumed that the team experiences at residency would be similar.I definitely applied my situatedness but I understand now a cohort of different personalities can form a successful team w here all opinions are heard, all ideas count, all contribute and all appear to demonstrate an authentic interest for one an separate. Dr. Sally played a major role in team experience. She encouraged an atmosphere of empathy, hope, and interest. She was our main supporter. I appreciate and value the honest disposition Dr. Sally showed. Her charisma made us feel we belonged to the team.We terminate several team assignments that allowed us to develop our learning team skills. We had various chances to work in learning teams. We reviewed fall articles, course competencies, and were given several activities to develop team organization. We presented assignments on thinking mo dels, constructing meaning, team presentations, and scholarly writing. The diverse assignments and activities we had in addition to the combined efforts of Dr. Sally and the students have made me reevaluate the idea of operative with a learning team in my classes to come.While are listening to other doctoral students in a learning team communicate what they got from learning I was able to get another viewpoint that also gets me thinking. My brain absorbed to a greater extent information from listening to other students views. Understanding from other students also makes me try to pay attention to my lessons in a manner I would not have thought of without getting reactions from my learning team. I impart be unbiased in the future and not believe that I forget experience a negative encounter with a learning team experiences.I will guarantee to show encouraging traits of a team player and stay helpful. Individuals provided with new information and abilities are supposed to not only improve themselves but to be instantaneously inspired to change the world (Mezirow, 1990, 47). I am excited about my next learning team experience and visualize forward to making a difference. Scholarly Writing in that respect was so much knowledge gained about scholarly writing and what it includes. These past five days has strengthened what I previously understood about this subject.Throughout several assignments we have did in class, I learned that scholarly writing must be involved. There are certain parts of scholarly writing that are not flexible. Scholarly writing must be written in third person, written for a reason, cannot be prejudged, avoid suppositions and be backs by evidences, theories, and data. I also learned new terminologies that have to do with writing such as anthropomorphism. accredited sources must be used in scholarly writing. I learned a great deal about the choice of sources to use and about scholarly writing.The constructing meaning assignment helped r einforce the importance for trustworthy and legitimate sources in scholarly writing. I believe the assignment we accomplished personally where we had to select and collapse an article helped show how significant it is to use the correct sources. The resources used can also be deceiving and seem to be qualified, but may only be just an opinion of that author. To avoid this, we must use scholarly, peer-reviewed articles to back up our statements. One of my ultimate disappointments as a college and graduate scholar is not put more importance on learning to become a critical writer.Although I think I obtained a great knowledge from awesome universities, this is one subject where I was dissatisfied with myself and the instructors. I desire that they would have held me responsible to being a critical writer. I would definitely tell an individual that is aspect into pursing their doctoral degree, if writing is a weakness you should be not embarrassed. It is better to be mindful of this task and do all that can be make to improve it as early as possible. Search for assistance immediately to learn to write appropriately and it will help throughout ones education and career.With all the information I obtained about scholarly writing, I plan to use it to numerous types of writing I will do in the future. I can use this knowledge I acquired on this subject for different types of writings at the scholarly level during my studies at the university and beyond, upcoming course assignments, discussion replies, spoken conversations on the subject and my dissertation process. I can give this knowledge to my colleagues and well as other doctoral students to help advancement their writing. I can also use what I acquired when I begin my study process whether it is on quantitative or qualitative study.Reflection One of the most valuable topics I learned was reflection. Reflection is scholarly and emotional activities in which a person engages to discover their encounters in or der to guide new perceptions and gratitude (Mezirow, 1990). I also learned the variations amongst critical reflection and reflection. The process of critical reflection covers three points discovering suppositions that motivate views and behaviors, examining the precision and rationality in how we tie suppositions with our encounters of realism, recreating suppositions to make them more general and encompassing (Mezirow, 1990).During the different course activities we completed, I learned the value of reflection. This residency offered several chances for the students to reflect on what was learned. There were several practices used to drive reflection during this experience at residency. Our nightly journals were just one of the ways we could reflect on what was covered every day and focused on what we learned on each subject, how we can use what we acquired, what we learned about ourselves and how the class information and encounters have shaped our means of reflecting.This was n ot the only way of reflection we practiced during the residency. We encountered other types of reflection that inspired the practice of critical thinking. The residency essentially began with a type of reflection on why we were personally here and out purpose statements. We integrated reflection methods as we finished our reviews of the articles and talked about how we will use what we absorbed on writing assignments in the future. We also learned to reflect as a team. The comments we gave other teams was a type of reflection.We were able to help enrich their presentations while reflecting on methods we can individually advance personally and on a team. I can definitely foresee myself encompassing the lessons I learned on reflection. Dr. Sally made a recommendation to trigger off journaling and I plan to apply the practice of journaling my reflections. I intend to use my critical thinking skills and reflection while working in teams and at work. Previously, I felt that reflections were strained when I finished my weekly summaries in previous courses, however I do understand the significance of reflections.This valuable practice will continue to develop me as a scholar, practitioner and leader and improve me be self-conscious so I can supportively touch others around me. The processes of writing and reflection can help to clarify some of the whirling and unfocused thoughts that sometimes get in the way of more productive thinking (Wellington et. all, 2005, p. 36). polish Year One Residency was very gratifying. I have developed resourcefully and individually because of this knowledge. Although, when I arrived I was unsure of what to expect, I was relieved quite an quickly.I met some awesome doctoral students and gained a great deal of knowledge that I can apply to my everyday life. This has been a rewarding and I am excited about Year Two Residency. References Mezirow, J. (1990). Fostering critical reflection in adulthood A guide to transformative and emancip atory learning. San Francisco, CA Jossey-Bass. Wellington, J. , Bathmaker, A. , Hunt, C. , McCulloch, G. , & Sikes, P. (2005). Succeeding with your doctorate. Thousand Oaks, CA SAGE Publications Inc.

Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) Essay

1. IntroductionTo accelerate the progress of sanitation in untaught aras, governing body of India is implementing from 1.4.2012, the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA), a Centr altogethery Sponsored Scheme earlier Total sanitization Campaign (TSC). Similarly, to provide drinking water to uncouth population in adequate quantity, the Govt. of India is implementing a telephone exchangely sponsored Scheme c bothed the National Rural Drinking pee Programme (NRDWP).New DelhiThe union cabinet Wednesday gave its approval for restructuring of Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan into Swachh Bharat Mission. The programme is induceed at creating a plum India by 2019 with peoples participation. The cabinet has approved the Swachh Bharat Mission, union Law Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad said here after a cabinet meeting chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Prasad said the mission leave be launched Oct 2, the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.The prime minister has been striving to make the mission a fix movement. The cabinet also approved a Swachh Bharat Mission for urban areas, which will be part of a joint Swachh Bharat Mission which has another function for rural areas. The drinking water and sanitation ministry will implement the programme in rural areas while the urban development ministry will do the same in urban areas. The Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan will be restructured into the Swachh Bharat Mission with cardinal sub-missions Swachh Bharat Mission (rural) and Swachh Bharat Mission (urban). Budgetary pro visions for the two sub-missions will be provided separately in the pauperism for grant of the ministries of drinking water and sanitation (for rural) and ministry of urban development (for urban), an official statement said.I take this pledge that I will remain perpetrate towards unusedliness and devote time for this. I will devote ascorbic acid hours per year that is two hours per week to voluntary work for cleanliness. I will neither hatch nor let others litter. I will initiate the quest for cleanliness with myself, myfamily, my locality, my colonisation and my work place. I believe that the countries of the world that appear clean are so because their citizens entert indulge in littering nor do they allow it to happen. With this firm belief, I will propagate the message of Swachh Bharat Mission in villages and t proclaims. I will boost 100 other persons to take this pledge which I am taking today. I will endeavour to make them devote their 100 hours for cleanliness. I am confident that every step I take towards cleanliness will help in making my body politic clean. Narendra Modi2. Swachh Bharat AbhiyanThe present goal under NBA is to achieve 100% access to sanitation for all rural households by 2022. Under Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA), the Goal is now pre-phoned to make India Open Defecation Free (ODF) India by 2019 by bend of individual, cluster & commwholey toilets and villages will be kept clean, including through solid and luculent waste management through universal gravitational constant panchayats. Water pipelines have to be laid to all villages enabling tap connection into households on demand by 2019.In this matter, co-operation and convergence of all Ministries, Central & tell apart schemes, CSR & bilateral/ multifaceted assistance may become necessary as well as new &innovative ways of memorying such interventions. In a federal official set-up like ours, where sanitation and water are state subjects, it is all the more grave that states take the initiative to complete all activities to achieve Swachh Bharat by 2019 by dove-tailing all schemes Central or State.Swachh Bharat Mission Facts and FiguresProject Cost Rs. 1,96,009 croreProject Start Date 2nd October 2014Project Estimated End Date 2nd October 2019Ministries voluminous in Project Ministry of rural development, ministry of urban development, ministry of drinking water and sanitation, Public Sector Undertakings ( PSUs), corporations, NGOs, s tate political sympathiess etc. Purpose of Project To make India a filth-free country in five years, to draw community and public toilets in rural and urban areas, to provide running water supply, to treat waste water, to keep roads, pavements and localities clean etc.3. BACKGROUND3.1 mortal Health and hygiene is largely dependent on adequate availability of drinking water and Proper sanitation. There is, therefore, a direct relationship between water, sanitation and health. Consumption of unsafe drinking water, improper disposal of human excreta, improper environmental Sanitation and lack of person-to-person and food hygiene have been major causes of many diseases in Developing countries. India is no exception to this. Government started the Central Rural Sanitation Programme (CRSP) in 1986 primarily with the objective of improving the quality of life of the rural People and also to provide privacy and dignity to women.3.2 The concept of sanitation was expanded to take perso nal hygiene, home sanitation, safe water, Garbage disposal, excreta disposal and waste water disposal. With this broader concept of sanitation, CRSP adopted a demand driven approach with the send for Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) with effect From 1999.The orderd approach emphasized more on Information, Education and Communication (IEC), Human preference maturement, Capacity Development activities to increase awareness among the rural people and generation of demand for hygienic facilities. This enhanced peoples capacity to Choose appropriate options through swop delivery mechanisms as per their economic condition. The Programme was implemented with focus on community-led and people centred initiatives. Financial motivators were provided to Below Poverty Line (BPL) households for reflexion and usage of Individual household latrines (IHHL) in recognition of their achievements. Assistance was also extended for tress of school toilet units, Anganwadi toilets and fellowship S anitary Complexes (CSC) apart From undertaking activities under red-blooded and Liquid Waste Management (SLWM).3.3 To give a fillip to the TSC, Government of India also launched the Nirmal Gram Puraskar (NGP) that Sought to recognise the achievements and efforts made in ensuring full sanitation coverage. The award Gained immensepopularity and contributed effectively in bringing about a movement in the community for attaining the Nirmal Status thereby signifi washbowltly adding to the achievements made for increase the Sanitation coverage in the rural areas of the country.3.4 Encouraged by the success of NGP, the TSC is being renamed as Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA). The Objective is to accelerate the sanitation coverage in the rural areas so as to comprehensively cover the rural community through renewed strategies and fertilisation approach. Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) envisages covering the entire community for saturated outcomes with a earn to create Nirmal Gram Panchayats with following prioritiesProvision of Individual Household Latrine (IHHL) of both Below Poverty Line (BPL) and Identified above Poverty Line (APL) households inside a Gram Panchayat (GP). Gram Panchayats where all habitations have access to water to be taken up. Priority May be disposed to Gram Panchayats having functional piped water supply, Provision of sanitation facilities in Government grooms and Anganwadis in Government Buildings within these GPs Solid and Liquid Waste Management (SLWM) for proposed and existing Nirmal Grams all-embracing capacity building of the stake holders like Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), Village Water and Sanitation Committees (VWSCs) and field of operation functionaries for Sustainable sanitation. Appropriate convergence with MNREGS with unskilled man-days and skilled man-days4. OBJECTIVESThe main objectives of the NBA are as undera) Bring about an improvement in the general quality of life in the rural areas. b) Accelerate sanitation coverage in rural areas to achieve the vision of Nirmal Bharat by 2022 with all gram Panchayats in the country attaining Nirmal status. c) Motivate communities and Panchayati Raj Institutions promoting sustainable sanitation facilities through awareness creation and health education. d) To cover the remaining schools not cover under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) and Anganwadi Centres in the rural areas with proper sanitation facilities and undertake proactive promotion of Hygiene education and sanitary habits among students. e) Encourage apostrophizeeffective and appropriate technologies for ecologically safe and sustainable Sanitation. f) Develop community managed environmental sanitation systems focusing on solid & liquid waste Management for overall cleanliness in the rural areas.5. STRATEGYThe strategy is to transform rural India into Nirmal Bharat by adopting the community led and People centred strategies and community saturation approach. A demand driven approach is to be continued with e mphasis on awareness creation and demand generation for sanitary facilities in houses, Schools and for immaculate environment. Alternate delivery mechanisms would be adopted to meet the Community needs. The provision of incentives for individual household latrine units to the poorest of the poor households has been widened to cover the other needy households too so as to attain Community outcomes. Availability of water in the Gram Panchayat shall be an important factor for sustaining sanitation facilities created.Rural School Sanitation remains a major component and an entry Point for wider acceptance of sanitation by the rural people. Wider technology options are being provided to meet the node preferences and location- particular needs. Intensive IEC Campaign is the Corner stone of the programme involving Panchayati Raj Institutions, Co-operatives, ASHA, Anganwadi Workers, Women Groups, Self Help Groups, and NGOs etc. A roadmap for engagement of corporate houses is being introd uced. More see-through system involving social audit and active peoples participation in the implementation process of NBA is being introduced. Convergence with MNREGS shall also be important to facilitate the rural households with investment company availability for creating their own sanitation Facilities.6. IMPLEMENTATIONThe Guidelines of NBA and the provisions hereunder are applicable with effect from 01.04.2012. Implementation of NBA is proposed with Gram Panchayat as the base unit. A project proposal that Emanates from a district is scrutinized and consolidated by the State Government and transmitted to The Government of India (Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation) as a State blueprint. NBA is to be Implemented in phases with start-up activities. lines areto be made accessible for preliminary IEC work. The physical implementation gets point towards satisfying the felt-needs, wherein individual Households choose from a menu of options for their household latrines.Th e built-in flexibility in the Menu of options gives the poor and the disadvantaged families opportunity for subsequent up gradation Depending upon their requirements and financial position. In the campaign approach, a synergistic Interaction between the Government agencies and other stakeholders is essential. To bring about the desired deportmental changes for relevant sanitary practices, intensive IEC and advocacy, with Participation of NGOs/ Panchayati Raj Institutions/resource organizations is envisaged.NBA will be implemented with a district as the project. The States/UTs are expected to Prepare/revise NBA Projects for all the districts, consolidate at State level as State Plan and submit Before the Government of India.7. COMPONENTS OF NBAThe Programme components and activities for NBA implementation are as follows(a) Start-Up ActivitiesThe start-up activities implya. Conducting of preliminary survey to assess the status of sanitation and hygiene practices.b. Base line survey. c. Orientation of key personnel at the district/GP level.d. Preparation of State Plan.The equal of Start-up activities will be met from the IEC funds up to Rs. 10 lakh. Additional fund. Requirement, if any, shall be met by the State.(b) IEC ActivitiesInformation, Education and Communication (IEC) are important components of the Programme. These intend to trigger the demand for sanitary facilities in the rural areas for households, schools, Anganwadis and Community Sanitary Complexes through behavioural change. The activities carried out under these components should be area specific and should also involve all sections of the rural Population. IEC is not a one-time activity. IECstrategy and plan to be drawn to include creation of Demand leading to construction and use in a sustained manner. IEC should be conducted at all tiers i.e. Districts, Blocks and Gram Panchayat.A national chat strategy framework has been developed by Government of India giving Emphasis on Inter Personal Co mmunication (IPC) at the grassroots level. The states are to evolve their own strategy using common people media, mass media and also outdoor media like wall painting, hoarding etc. The IEC should also focus on health and hygiene practices and environmental sanitation aspects. social communication and door to door to door contact are recognised as the most Significant tools for attaining the programme goals. In order to strengthen communication machinery at the village level with participatory social mobilization, guidelines for engagement of village level Motivators (Swachchhata Doot / Sanitation Messengers) have been issued separately. As part of this Strategy, in addition to Swachchhata Doots, field functionaries like Bharat Nirman Volunteers, ASHA, Anganwadi workers, School Teachers etc. can also be engaged at the village level for demand creation and taking up behaviour change communication. The motivator can be given suitable incentive from the Funds earmarked for IEC. The inc entive will be performance based i.e. in terms of motivating the Number of households and schools/ Anganwadis to construct latrines and use them.Each project district should prepare a detailed IEC plan along with the Annual Action Plan with Defined strategies to reach all sections of the community. The aim of such a communication plan is to motivate rural people to adopt hygiene behaviour as a way of life and thereby develop and maintain all Facilities created under the programme. The Annual IEC Action Plan should be duly approved by the DWSC/DWSM. The Communication and Capacity Development Units (CCDUs) / Water and Sanitation Support Organisations (WSSOs) set up at the state level must support the districts in ontogenesis a good IEC plan and also in implementing it. Observance of Sanitation Day/ Sanitation Week / Sanitation Fortnight should be essential component of the Annual Action Plan.For effective dissemination of the IEC poppycock, funds may also be provided under this comp onent To blocks and gram Panchayats for execution of works. The development of such material executed by the Panchayats may be standardized by the district or the CCDU.The IEC funds should be broadly divided into pre Nirmal and Post- Nirmal phase so as to have Funds for sustaining the movement. The project districts, however, shall have the flexibility of deciding this division depending on the baseline survey reports and rate of acceleration of sanitation coverage.Funds available under IEC may be used for imparting hygiene education to the rural communities, General public, as well as children in schools. The IEC plan should include a component for rising Awareness among school going children, teachers and PTAs.IEC funding will be in the ratio of 8020 between GOI and the State Governments and the total IEC Cost including start up grant will be limited to 15% of the total project equal.(c) Capacity BuildingThis component is for cultivation of VWSC and PRI members, block and distri ct functionaries and Grass root functionaries like ASHA and other health, education and related functionaries, Anganwadi Workers etc. SHGs can be trained in trades such as masonry work, brick-making, toilet pan making and Plumbing etc. as also for awareness raising activities. NGOs/CBOs of repute can be engaged for this Activity. State Resource Centres and Regional / District Resource Centres should be identified for Conducting such trainings.Capacity building funding will be in the ratio of 8020 between GOI and the State Governments and will be limited to 2% of the IEC budget.(d) Construction of Individual Household LatrinesA duly completed household sanitary latrine shall take of a sess Unitincluding a super Structure. The programme is aimed to cover all the rural families. Incentive as provided under the Scheme may be extended to all Below Poverty Line (BPL) Households and Above Poverty Line Households (APL) restricted to SCs/STs, small and marginal farmers, landless labourers with homestead, physically handicapped and women headed households. The construction of household toilets should be undertaken by the household itself and on completion and use of the toilet the cash incentive can be given to the household in recognition of its achievement.The incentive amount to Below Poverty Line (BPL) household/identified APLs for construction of one unit of IHHL shall be Rs.4600.00n (Rs.5100.00 for difficult and hilly areas). The central share out of this shall be Rs.3200.00 (Rs.3700.00 in case of hilly and difficult areas) and State Government share shall Be Rs.1400.00. Minimum beneficiary share shall be Rs.900.00 in cash or labour. State Governments are allowed the flexibility to provide higher incentive for a household toilet, of the same or higher unit costs from their own funds. All houses constructed with the central or/and state assistance should invariably Have suitable sanitation facility as an integral part. However, all houses constructed by the benef iciaries Under Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) or any other state rural housing scheme which did not have toilets shall also be eligible for the incentive as above for creation of sanitation facilities for the targeted groups Under NBA.APL families not covered by the above incentives will take up construction of the household Latrines on their own through motivation. The IEC activities will provide comprehensive coverage to all the families in the GP without exceptions. APL families facing cash crunch may access the revolving fund as outlined in the guidelines.Construction of bucket latrines is not permitted in the rural areas. The existing bucket latrines, if any, should be converted to sanitary latrines and the sharing configuration for incentive for the targeted Beneficiaries shall be identical to that of construction of individual house hold latrines.Ministry of Rural Development notification Number S.O.l022 (E) dated04.05.2012 regarding Convergence of TSC with MNREGS will be mutatis mutandis applicable for convergence with NBA.(e) Rural Sanitary Marts and Production CentersThe Rural Sanitary Mart is an outlet dealing with the materials, hardware and designs required for The construction of sanitary latrines, drenching and compost pits, vermi-composting, washing platforms, Certified domestic water filters and other sanitation & hygiene accessories required. RSMs should Ensure that a variety of pans (ceramic, mosaic, HDP, fiberglass) are available for choice by the Beneficiaries. RSM should necessarily have those items, which are required as a part of the sanitation Package.It is a commercial venture with a social objective. The main aim of having a RSM is to provide Materials, services and guidance needed for constructing different types of latrines and other sanitary Facilities for a clean environment. Production Centers are the means to produce cost effective affordable Sanitary materials at the local level. They could be independent or part of the RSMs.The P roduction Centers/Rural Sanitary Marts could be opened and operated by SHGs / women Organizations/Panchayats/NGOs etc. Support of private entrepreneurs may also be taken for ensuring An effective supply chain. DWSM/DWSC should have a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the RSMs/PCs along with A system of joint monitoring evolved to ensure that the RSMs & PCs are on track with production plans As per requirement. RSMs should have a method of quality certification of its products and a band of train masons and motivators.Quality standards (where notified by BIS or by MoDWS) for each of the items of purchase should Be strictly adhered to.An interest free loan up to Rs.3.5 hundred thousand can be given for establishing RSM/PC out of revolving fund Available with the district. In case more RSMs are required, a maximum of up to Rs.35 Lakh from the Revolving Fund can be utilized for this purpose. Loans from the revolving fund for RSM/PC shall be Recovered in 12-18 instalments after one year from the date of receiving theloan.(f) Provision of Revolving Fund in the DistrictThe revolving fund may be given to Cooperative Societies or Self Help Groups whose Creditworthiness is established, for providing cheap finance to their members. Loan from this fund Should be recovered in 12-18 instalments. NBA projects will have the flexibility to decide the other Terms and conditions for sanction of the revolving fund. This revolving fund can be accessed by APL Households not covered for incentives under the guidelines. Loan can also be given to the owner of the Household where Anganwadi centre is located for construction of bollocks friendly toilet provided the ICDS government activity agree to refund the loan from the rent paid to the house owner. 5% of the District project Outlay subject to a sum of up to Rs.50 Lakh, can be used as revolving fund. The revolving fund is shared Between Centre and State on an 8020 basis.(g) Community Sanitary ComplexCommunity Sanitary Complex is an integral component of the NBA. These Complexes, comprising An appropriate number of toilet seats, bathing cubicles, washing platforms, Wash basins etc., can be set Up in a place in the village acceptable and accessible to all. Ordinarily such complexes should be Constructed only when there is lack of space in the village for construction of household toilets and the Community owns up the responsibility of their operation and maintenance. The ultimate aim is to Ensure construction of maximum IHHLs and construction of community complexes will be restricted to Only when IHHLs cannot be constructed, for whatever reason, and also teach the community of Hygiene practices.The maintenance of such complexes is very essential for which Gram Panchayat Should own the ultimate responsibility. User families may be asked to contribute a reasonable monthly User charge for cleaning & maintenance. The proposal for putting up CSC will be approved by the National Scheme Sanctioning Committee (NS SC). Such complexes can also be made at public places, Markets, etc. where large scale congregation of people takes place. Suitable maintenance guidelines May be adopted by the community to ensure proper maintenance of the complex. uttermost unit cost prescribed for a community sanitary complex is up to Rs.2 lakh. Sharing Pattern amongst Central Government, State Government and the community is in the ratio of 603010. The community contribution, however, can be made by the Panchayat out of its own resources, from Grants of the Thirteenth Finance Commission or from any other fund of the State duly permitted by it.(h) Institutional ToiletsChildren could be a good channel to influence parents to adopt proper sanitary habits. Children are More receptive to new ideas. Schools/Anganwadis are appropriate institutions for changing the Behaviour, mind-set and habits of children from open defecation to the use of lavatory through Motivation and education.School ToiletsToilets in all types of Government Schools should be constructed. Emphasis should be given to Toilets for Girls in Schools. Toilet should provide access opportunity to children with special needs. A Toilet unit consists of a toilet and minimum of two urinals. Separate toilet units for girls and boys should Be provided in all co-educational schools, which are to be treated as two separate units and each unit is Entitled to Central assistance. The number of toilet units to be constructed should be adequate to meet The requirements of the school as per the strength of the students be the school. State/UT Governments, Parent-Teachers Association and Panchayats are free to contribute from their own Resources over and above the prescribed amount.In addition to creation of hardware in the schools, it is essential that hygiene education is imparted To the children on all aspects of hygiene. For this purpose, at least one teacher in each school must be Trained in hygiene education who in turn should train the chil dren through interesting activities and Community projects that emphasize hygiene behaviour.The expenditure for this purpose can be met From the IEC fund earmarked for the project. The district and Panchayat implementing agencies should Ensuregood coordination with Department of Education and Health & other partners in order to fulfil The objective of SSHE i.e. to provide a safe, healthy learning environment to all children.The Central assistance per unit will be restricted to 70 percent for a unit cost of Rs.35,000 (Rs.38,500 in case of hilly and difficult areas). Funding for School Sanitation in a NBA Project is provided By the Central and State Government in the ratio of 7030.Anganwadi ToiletsIn order to in still the practice of using a toilet in children from very early stage in life, it is essential That Anganwadis are used as a platform of behaviour change for the children as well as the mothers. For This purpose, each Anganwadi should be provided with a baby friendly toilet. Since there are a large Number of Anganwadis operating from private premises, following strategy may be adopted a) In all the Anganwadis, which are in Government buildings, baby friendly toilets should be Constructed from the NBA funds provided. b) In those Anganwadis, which are in private buildings, the owner must be asked to construct The toilet as per design, and, he/she may be allowed to charge enhanced rent for the Building to recover the cost of construction. c) Alternatively, the toilet may be constructed from revolving fund component under the NBA And, suitable deductions made from the monthly rental paid to the owner to recover the Cost over a period of time.Unit cost of a toilet shall be up to Rs.8,000 (Rs.10,000 in case of hilly and difficult areas) for each Anganwadi in the rural areas. Financial assistance to be given by Government of India will be restricted To Rs.5,600 (Rs.7,000 in case of hilly and difficult areas). Additional expenses can be met by the State Governm ent, Panchayats or funds from Thirteenth Finance Commission, MPLADS, MLALADS, MNREGS Etc.Construction of Anganwadi toilets is to be prioritised in the 200 high focused districts to assist in Tackling the issue of malnutrition.All government buildings constructed with financial support of the Centre must have appropriate Sanitation facilities under the respective schemes as an integral component of the scheme. This is Considered essential to achieve the vision of NIRMAL BHARAT.

Natural Sciences Essay

What is it about theories in inbred and human accomplishments that make them so convincing? During the course of my Biology HL syllabus, I came crosswise the theory of the fluid mosaic model. I instantly considered this theory to be absolute and accurate. This level of evidence was created with the first reading of the theory, and evoked the question as to what makes the theories theorise in rude(a) and human intelligences as convincing as they are.Both Natural and Human scientists take pride in the fact that their written report is the result of long, precise and experimental look for and the fact that their theories are able to overcome the skeptical admittance of human nature and produce enough sealedty in people to take over their work without throw out questioning. I go out attempt to state and explain the reasons for this creation of such consequence by incorporating terce ranges of knowledge. Firstly, natural sciences and how they are so convincing despite the lack of inference.Then I will clarify on the human sciences and how its theories are debatable and the difference between the two sciences. Lastly I will intrude into the ethical aspect of the knowledge issue, as conflicting emotions and reason are essential in creating the confidence and tone in the theories formulated by these explicit and evidence rich areas of knowledge. We as humans are generally skeptical about various stemmas of information, entirely this skeptic approach does not throw to science as we consider all scientific information to be true and from a undeviating source.This approach reveals the fact that evidence and understanding of the concept is a key factor assisting the reasoning of the mind. piece studying Taxation in microeconomics, I realized that theories that are said to produce a certain heart are not realistically canvassn or implemented in the real world. For example, a theory in valueation states that, if a tax is imposed on a producer wit h dead supply then the entire tax incidence is borne by the producers themselves.But, in reality such a situation does not exist, the producers generally raise prices to higher levels w here(predicate) the revenue is more than sufficient to pay the tax imposed on them, which means that the consumers actually bear the brunt of the new taxation policy. We accept such theories at first as they are said to be formulate by a reliable source and seem to be probable. So why do the theories from these areas of knowledge appear so convincing to us despite the uncertainties that are presented by them? Why are they accepted as the truth even beforehand they are completely evaluated?It is evident that the reason we trust science as a reliable and essential source of information is because we weigh in science. This belief has led to the creation of faith towards science, which has compelled us to accept all that science offers without a doubt of reason. The psychology behind this belief excl aims that we believe in science the same mien as we believe that our new car is not going to explode on its first travel. Cars stay safe more often than not and science in the same way has proven itself accurate many more times than it has been proved wrong.The belief and faith induced by scientific theories has been developed over time through constant provision of proof and evidence, which are the canonic requirements for human beings to trust in something. While studying and understanding theories regarding sub-atomic particles, which are practically invisible, such as the VSEPR theory or the theory of hybridization, I dont question the strength of the theory itself as it is a result of extensive research and has overcome the challenges posed by many to prove them wrong.Thus, the efforts to prove the theory wrong and the failure to do so leave actually strengthened the belief in science, thus providing a logical and universal explanation justifying the theory formulated. Also, human nature suggests that we need to believe in something, and more often than not people choose the logical, experimental and evidence rich style provided by science. We extend to believe in the ideals a majority believes, be it a country, a city, a community or even our immediate family.For example, if your family believes that the economic crisis will eventually affect your future, even you tend to follow convention and believe in the same thing. Taking the example of the cure for cancer, people at first did not believe that cancer was ever curable due the number of deaths that had amounted. Their belief that the do drugs developed, actually cured cancer was eventually strengthened as the positive evidences kept increasing.Today if a scientist says that he has developed a new cure for cancer, people would believe in the drug as they know science has accomplished it before, and hence can probably achieve the same feat again. In the natural sciences, research begins with a hypo thesis which is followed by experiments and later proof of whether the hypothesis is accurate or is invalid. In contrast to this, we observe that in many experiments conducted, the results vary marginally and hence hamper the certainty of the research, which means that scientists have o rely on various degrees of certainty based on their enter values to establish the overall certainty of a research project.This implies that many of the theories being applied right away are not of absolute certainty, thus the use of such theories can be attributed to our belief and faith in science as a reliable source of information. Shifting the focus to my second area of knowledge which is human sciences, Id like to state its primary objectives to help understand the look of the theories more effectively.The aims of virtually all human sciences are the same to explain human behavior, formulate theories to bode it, and then develop remedies for the problems identified by those predictions. They use the same scientific method as natural sciences but cannot hypothesize the reactions of the human beings, as each of them respond to the research questions in different ways and depict different and forms of emotion and reasoning depending upon the kind of questions asked.Most research in human sciences begins with recognition which then leads to proof. Here, the scientists believe that a particular stimulus would produce a certain behavioral effect on a person or a community that is being experimented upon and the statistics collected are tasteful to analyze the change in behavior. These theories regarding human behavior are accurate for a majority of the trials but often thither are exceptions which destabilize the foundation of the theory, which again affect the belief people have in the theories in human sciences.Taking an example from economics the Keynesian and the Monetarist views are contrasting grocery development methods which argue the role of the government in re gulating the market function in the economy. unmatchable proposes intense government intervention whereas the other proposes minimal intrusion by it respectively. Till the 2007 global deferral the markets followed the monetarist model but the immense financial problems caused and market failures recorded called for a reform which turned the governments towards the Keynesian model.This signifies that more often than not the theories in human sciences stand, but they can be overcome and felled with the cellular inclusion of a strong stimulus. And if the theories prove ineffective there would always be another theory formulated as backup which could be applied and the same expected results could be yielded. The economic example presented here stresses on the fairly large margin for error present in the human sciences, which primarily differentiates it from natural science which are purely dependent on proofs and evidence.Also the common element prevalent in both these sciences is tha t of research period. Theories of both sciences require a long and strenuous research period to merged all the hypothesis, observations, experiments, and data collection, which are required to prove the theory. These similarities and dissimilarities introduce us to the ethical concept of certainty which plays a vital role in balancing out the conflict between emotion and reason. We observe science to be a reliable and an accurate source of information due to its extensively experimental, research dependent and foolproof nature, i. . we are emotionally inclined towards the sciences as they have the proof to back up their theories. But as we see from the examples, they do not offer complete certainty as there is always an exception to a particular theory and hence by reason, our belief in science should be far less than it actually is. The simple explanation to this would be that reason favors science as it has proven itself more often than not and as we have observed, failure to pr ove theories wrong increases and strengthens our belief in its relevance and accuracy.Thus we can conclude by answering the primary question staged in the introduction as to what makes theories formulated by the sciences so convincing. The extensive research involved and the proof presented in favor of the theory play a major role in developing the certainty, this is well up complimented by the belief and faith science has cultivated in human beings and the strong the emotional and sensitive backing that has been made available by this belief in them.

How Has Voting Changed Over Time? Essay

Over time, as America promoted greater civil liberties for totally of its citizens, voting secures squander also undergone change. When the United States was formed, citizens with voting rights were mainly Caucasian males. African American males that were freed could vote also, but slaves however, were considered situation and could not vote. States could administer poll taxes, which often left poorer people without the ability to vote if they couldnt open the tax. Women didnt strike voting rights and voters in most states had to be 21 before being adequate to(p) to vote. There are many people that are loosely aware of the difficult battle for votes setoff with the history of the United States. Both major political parties have taken numerous steps toward increase voter turnout so that more people will participate in this right of all citizens.For much of American history, voting qualifications were such that very few people actually had the power to vote. These qualification s have changed greatly since then to grant nearly all Americans this important democratic privilege. In the eighteenth century, the right to vote was reserved for wealthy white males over the age of 21 and in many cases, those that belonged to the accept religion of their community. The reasoning was that these people were the only ones educated enough to make a wise termination although women, slaves, and those without property certainly had a lot to say on the matters of the day. Today, through Constitutional Amendments, voting restrictions concerning gender, race, apparitional affiliation, and wealth have all been eliminated. The minimum age to vote is now 18. All voters must be citizens of the United States.

Human Papillomavirus Essay

The human papillomacomputer virus (HPV) has been established as a substantial threat to public health among the sexually active youth of America. HPV is a common sexually transmitted disease that primarily ingrains women. It is also accountable for thousands of malignant neoplastic disease related deaths each socio-economic class. There are about 20 million Ameri elicits each year that are currently infected with HPV and nearly 5 million people will sour saucily infected this year with the virus.There are over 100 different strains of HPV, however still intravenous feeding are primarily responsible for causing substantial health complications such as genital warts and cervical pubic louse. Nevertheless, recent efforts to eliminate these well-nigh dominant strains do proven to be extremely victorious with the teaching of a quaint vaccine that can exhibit an extraordinary level of efficiency. As a result, the pervasiveness of HPV has begun to easy dwindle, but the virus st ill continues to violently infect millions of sexually active individuals who still remain unexposed to correct vaccination.Of the 100 different HPV strains, types 16 and 18 have been proven to cause cervical crabby person. Although cervical cancer is able to be prevented, it is the second most common gynecologic cancer worldwide and the third most common cancer amongst women in the unify States. In 2008 alone, 11,070 new cases of cervical cancer were diagnosed in the United States, and among these, 3,870 cases were fatal (Linton 235).In order to effectively protect themselves, it is necessary that women frequently obtain fixedness cervical cancer backs and Pap tests to detect all precancerous lesions early on and later prevent any instance of invasive cervical cancer from taking a potentially fatal course. Ultimately, the incidence and deathrate rates of cervical cancer are much higher among women who do not obtain these regular screenings.Pap testing is an effective strateg y for reducing the essay of invasive cervical cancer. Pap post screening involves taking cells from the cervix to identify the presence of any abnormal or precancerous cells. In an effort to combat the ripening number of cervical cancer cases among young women in the United States, the place for Disease Control recommends that women receive a Pap test within the first two long time following their first sexual encounter (Roland 8).Moreover, since the virus infects women ages 14 24 more prevalently than any former(a) age group, it is vital that every woman receives at least one pap smear onward they reach 21 years of age, followed by regularly scheduled annual screenings until the age of 30 (Roland 9). In doing so, young women can substantially decrease the prevalence of the virus while also decreasing their risk of con piece of grounding cervical cancer through early detection of the cellular abnormalities caused by HPV.Furthermore, recent studies have shown that even the mer e act of performing a Pap smear can produce an inflammatory, immunologic response to HPV which subsequently initiates the bodys defense mechanisms that could potentially lead to clearance of the virus. As a result, Pap testing has proven to be an extremely effective method for reducing the incidence of cervical cancer among women exposed to the virus (Roland 9).In addition to HPV prevalence among women, the virus can also affect the overall health of infected males. Although the male is generally considered an asymptomatic silent carrier of HPV, the virus can produce lesions or warts on the male genitalia and can even lead to penile cancer (Rosa 1032). However, currently there is no cost effective test designed to detect the virus in male carriers. The only methods of detection consist of a peniscopy followed by a second-generation Hybrid Capture test. In this process, acetic acid solution is used to identify any lesions on the genitals so that a biopsy can be taken from all infect ed areas (Rosa 1033).Unfortunately, this manner of detection is far too composite to be performed on a mass scale. Consequently, male carriers continue to spread HPV unknowingly to their sexual partners and subsequently increase the prevalence of the virus throughout the sexually active community. Due to this asymptomatic spread of the virus by male carriers, it is paramount that a male vaccine is developed to further combat the suppuration prevalence of HPV among young sexually active individuals.On June 8th 2006, the FDA introduced Gardasil, a gender specific quadrivalent vaccine which prevents the sign infection of the four most dominant and high risk HPV types, 6, 11, 16, and 18. Consequently, the vaccine not only directly prevents the development of cervical cancer in women but also defends against the lower risk types 6 and 11, which are generally known for causing genital warts in both genders. The Gardasil vaccine is very unique because it appears to be the only 100 perce nt effective vaccination ever created.Furthermore, there is no know material inside the vaccine. Instead, it is made up of the virus-like proteins which coat the outer portion of the HPV virus. The vaccine cannot treat individuals already infected with the virus, but it will protect the infected female from attaining any of the other strains in the vaccine (McLemore 559). The vaccination is a three dose process, with followup doses at two and six month intervals from initial vaccination.Furthermore, the observed side effects are minimal but can include fever, nausea, respiratory tract infection, insomnia, and several other complications. Ultimately, the Gardasil vaccine is recommended for women ages 9 26 in an attempt to effectively decrease the prevalence of HPV among the sexually active community and also directly lower the related incidence of cervical cancer in young women (McLemore 559).However, even with the development of this vaccine the human papillomavirus still continue s to infect millions of Americans and is responsible for thousands of cervical cancer deaths each year. It is absolutely paramount that young sexually active women not only become vaccinated with Gardasil, but also continue to maintain regular Pap test screenings annually with their doctor.In doing so, women can substantially reduce their incidence of cervical cancer and effectively fight to combat the growing prevalence of the HPV virus in the United States. Ultimately, the incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer are much higher among women who do not obtain these regular screenings, and therefore fail to identify HPV abnormalities and precancerous cells early in their development.REFERENCESLinton, D.M. (2009). Cervical cancer screening interval. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. 13(2) 235-7.Roland, K.B., Benard, V.B., Saraiya, M., Hawkins, N.A., & Brandt, H. (2009). Assessing cervical cancer screening guidelines in patient education materials. Journal of Womens Health . 18(1) 5-12.McLemore, M.R. (2006). Gardasil introducing the new human papillomavirus vaccine. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. 10(5) 559-60.Rosa, N.T., De Carvalho, J.J., & Syrjanen, K.J. (2007). appellative of males at increased risk for genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among patients referred for urological consultation. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. 39(11-12) 1029-37.

Physical Abuse Letter

Shondra Gant 91-1413 Halahua St. Kapolei, HI 96707 (123)456-7890 emailprotected com October 7, 2012 Theo Bark Writer TheBoomBox. com 770 Broadway New York, NY 10003 Dear Mr. Bark, Your article written on October 5, 2012 concerning the Chris embrown and Rihanna matter, writing how her father approves of their reconciliation is non a subject that should just be taken lightly.Abusive kindreds atomic number 18 a serious matter and stating that it is okay to track a relationship with your abuser is the wrong center to be sending to multitude, including those that are in opprobrious relationships and wont speak up about what they go through. Considering that 80% of girls in abusive relationships continue to be in the relationship with their abuser( Bhatti paragraph 7, statistic 2), ending a relationship and starting it brook up again is the same circumstance. Writing this article IS NOT the correct cognitive content that you should be sending.That ultimately the people that hurt you once can change and wont hurt you again, He utilise to hit her. He swore that it wouldnt happen again but it only got worse( Sparks, P. 64). 33% of teenagers do not speak up if they are being abused( Bhatti paragraph 6, statistic 3), 24% of women ages 18-35 befuddlent said if they were being harmed in an abusive relationship( Glamour magazine). When Rihanna spoke up about he matter, they said goodbye, there was a hearing, and they stopped speaking.Now these rumors of a reconciliation are bringing up memories and making this a hot topic again. And now advent out, saying her father approves of this, that this event between them is just a mistake, and everyone should be forgiven once( Bark, paragraph 3). People who continue to forgive abusers realize they shouldnt have, and by writing this article this is what you are saying Just go forrad and forgive Abusive relationships are a major issue, but seeing how these are music professionals that people listen to and look up to, this hits home much more.The children that look up to these individuals will think, well she took him back I can too Do you have kids Mr. Bark? I dont, but I have 6 younger siblings, seeing your article that a family member approves of an abuser getting back in concert with the abused, and every other article stating they are back together IS NOT something I want my siblings sentiment is acceptable in society. Thank you for your time in reading my letter on what I judgement of your article. Sincerely yours, Shondra Gant